Promulgation of regulations; circumstances constituting change in beneficial ownership; certification of details of property ownership; penalties for falsification

# (A)

The Department of Revenue may promulgate regulations to implement this article, including, without limitation, providing for those circumstances that constitute a change in the beneficial ownership of real property or an assessable transfer of interest not evidenced by transfer of fee simple title. The department shall examine the substance, rather than merely the form of the transfer, and related and surrounding transactions, and may use the step transaction, economic reality, quid pro quo, personal benefit, and other judicially developed doctrines in determining whether the requisite assessable transfer of interest has occurred.

# (B)

# (1)

Except as provided pursuant to item (2) of this subsection, the county assessor annually shall send to each real property owner of record, or the owner's agent of record, to the address of record, a certificate prescribed by the Department of Revenue which must be signed and returned by the property owner or the owner's agent certifying details of the ownership of the property. If the owner or owner's agent knowingly falsifies any detail on the certificate, then the owner or owner's agent is subject to a civil penalty imposed by the Department of Revenue, the county assessor, or an assessor appointed to handle multiple county assessments pursuant to an intergovernmental agreement, as applicable. The amount must not be less than twice the taxes lawfully due on the property or more than three times the taxes lawfully due on the property. This civil penalty is enforceable and collectable in the same manner as property tax.

# (2)

The annual certificate requirement provided pursuant to item (1) of this subsection does not apply to a real property owner who is a natural person. However, the assessor periodically may send certificates to natural persons subject to the same requirements provided pursuant to item (1) of this subsection.

# (C)

For purposes of this section, a "natural person" is an individual or group of individuals who directly owns real property outside of any legal entity. A natural person does not include a trustee, agent, officer, or member of a legal entity which has an ownership interest in real property. A legal entity includes, but is not limited to, a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, unincorporated association, or trust.