MCL 211.7cc — Principal residence; exemption from tax levied by local school district for school operating purposes; procedures; 2020 deadline extension; exception for temporary absence due to damage or destruction; definitions

(1) A principal residence is exempt from the tax levied by a local school district for school operating purposes to the extent provided under section 1211 of the revised school code, 1976 PA 451, MCL 380.1211, if an owner of that principal residence claims an exemption as provided in this section. Notwithstanding the tax day provided in section 2, the status of property as a principal residence shall be determined on the date an affidavit claiming an exemption is filed under subsection (2).
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (5), an owner of property may claim 1 exemption under this section by filing an affidavit on or before May 1 for taxes levied before January 1, 2012 or, for taxes levied after December 31, 2011, on or before June 1 for the immediately succeeding summer tax levy and all subsequent tax levies or on or before November 1 for the immediately succeeding winter tax levy and all subsequent tax levies with the local tax collecting unit in which the property is located. For the 2020 tax year only, an owner may claim 1 exemption under this section by filing an affidavit on or before June 30, 2020 for the 2020 summer tax levy and all subsequent tax levies with the local tax collecting unit in which the property is located. The affidavit shall state that the property is owned and occupied as a principal residence by that owner of the property on the date that the affidavit is signed and shall state that the owner has not claimed a substantially similar exemption, deduction, or credit on property in another state. The affidavit shall be on a form prescribed by the department of treasury. One copy of the affidavit shall be retained by the owner and 1 copy shall be retained by the local tax collecting unit, together with all information submitted under subsection (28) for a cooperative housing corporation. The local tax collecting unit shall forward to the department of treasury a copy of the affidavit and any information submitted under subsection (28) upon a request from the department of treasury. The affidavit shall require the owner claiming the exemption to indicate if that owner or that owner's spouse has claimed another exemption on property in this state that is not rescinded or a substantially similar exemption, deduction, or credit on property in another state that is not rescinded. If the affidavit requires an owner to include a Social Security number, that owner's number is subject to the disclosure restrictions in 1941 PA 122, MCL 205.1 to 205.31. If an owner of property filed an affidavit for an exemption under this section before January 1, 2004, that affidavit shall be considered the affidavit required under this subsection for a principal residence exemption and that exemption shall remain in effect until rescinded as provided in this section.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (5), a married couple who are required to file or who do file a joint Michigan income tax return are entitled to not more than 1 exemption under this section. For taxes levied after December 31, 2002, a person is not entitled to an exemption under this section in any calendar year in which any of the following conditions occur:
(a) That person has claimed a substantially similar exemption, deduction, or credit, regardless of amount, on property in another state. Upon request by the department of treasury, the assessor of the local tax collecting unit, the county treasurer or his or her designee, or the county equalization director or his or her designee, a person who claims an exemption under this section shall, within 30 days, file an affidavit on a form prescribed by the department of treasury stating that the person has not claimed a substantially similar exemption, deduction, or credit on property in another state. A claim for a substantially similar exemption, deduction, or credit in another state occurs at the time of the filing or granting of a substantially similar exemption, deduction, or credit in another state. If the assessor of the local tax collecting unit, the department of treasury, or the county denies an existing claim for exemption under this section, an owner of the property subject to that denial cannot rescind a substantially similar exemption, deduction, or credit claimed in another state in order to qualify for the exemption under this section for any of the years denied. If a person claims an exemption under this section and a substantially similar exemption, deduction, or credit in another state, that person is subject to a penalty of $500.00. The penalty shall be distributed in the same manner as interest is distributed under subsection (25).
(b) Subject to subdivision (a), that person or his or her spouse owns property in a state other than this state for which that person or his or her spouse claims an exemption, deduction, or credit substantially similar to the exemption provided under this section, unless that person and his or her spouse file separate income tax returns.
(c) That person has filed a nonresident Michigan income tax return, except active duty military personnel stationed in this state with his or her principal residence in this state.
(d) That person has filed an income tax return in a state other than this state as a resident, except active duty military personnel stationed in this state with his or her principal residence in this state.
(e) That person has previously rescinded an exemption under this section for the same property for which an exemption is now claimed and there has not been a transfer of ownership of that property after the previous exemption was rescinded, if either of the following conditions is satisfied:
(i) That person has claimed an exemption under this section for any other property for that tax year.
(ii) That person has rescinded an exemption under this section on other property, which exemption remains in effect for that tax year, and there has not been a transfer of ownership of that property.
(4) Upon receipt of an affidavit filed under subsection (2) or subsection (19), and unless the claim is denied under this section, the assessor shall exempt the property from the collection of the tax levied by a local school district for school operating purposes to the extent provided under section 1211 of the revised school code, 1976 PA 451, MCL 380.1211, as provided in subsection (1) until December 31 of the year in which the property is transferred or, except as otherwise provided in subsections (5), (32), and (33), is no longer a principal residence as defined in section 7dd, or the owner is no longer entitled to an exemption as provided in subsection (3).
(5) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection and subsections (32) and (33), not more than 90 days after exempted property is no longer used as a principal residence by the owner claiming an exemption, that owner shall rescind the claim of exemption by filing with the local tax collecting unit a rescission form prescribed by the department of treasury. The local tax collecting unit shall retain the rescission form and shall forward a copy of it to the department of treasury upon a request from the department of treasury. If an owner is eligible for and claims an exemption for that owner's current principal residence, that owner may retain an exemption for not more than 3 tax years on property previously exempt as his or her principal residence if that property is not occupied, is for sale, is not leased, and is not used for any business or commercial purpose by filing a conditional rescission form prescribed by the department of treasury with the local tax collecting unit within the time period prescribed in subsection (2). Beginning in the 2012 tax year, subject to the payment requirement set forth in this subsection, if a land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution owns property as a result of a foreclosure or forfeiture of a recorded instrument under chapter 31, 32, or 57 of the revised judicature act of 1961, 1961 PA 236, MCL 600.3101 to 600.3285 and MCL 600.5701 to 600.5759, or through deed or conveyance in lieu of a foreclosure or forfeiture on that property and that property had been exempt under this section immediately preceding the foreclosure, that land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution may retain an exemption on that property at the same percentage of exemption that the property previously had under this section if that property is not occupied other than by the person who claimed the exemption under this section immediately preceding the foreclosure or forfeiture, is for sale, is not leased to any person other than the person who claimed the exemption under this section immediately preceding the foreclosure, and is not used for any business or commercial purpose. A land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution may claim an exemption under this subsection by filing a conditional rescission form prescribed by the department of treasury with the local tax collecting unit within the time period prescribed in subsection (2). Property is eligible for a conditional rescission if that property is available for lease and all other conditions under this subsection are met. One copy of the conditional rescission shall be retained by the owner and 1 copy shall be retained by the local tax collecting unit. The local tax collecting unit shall forward to the department of treasury a copy of an affidavit upon a request by the department of treasury. An owner or a land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution that files a conditional rescission form shall annually verify to the assessor of the local tax collecting unit on or before December 31 that the property for which the principal residence exemption is retained is not occupied other than by the person who claimed the exemption under this section immediately preceding the foreclosure or forfeiture, is for sale, is not leased except as otherwise provided in this section, and is not used for any business or commercial purpose. The land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution may retain the exemption authorized under this section for not more than 3 tax years. If an owner or a land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution does not annually verify by December 31 that the property for which the principal residence exemption is retained is not occupied other than by the person who claimed the exemption under this section immediately preceding the foreclosure or forfeiture, is for sale, is not leased except as otherwise provided in this section, and is not used for any business or commercial purpose, the assessor of the local tax collecting unit shall deny the principal residence exemption on that property. Except as otherwise provided in this section, if property subject to a conditional rescission is leased, the local tax collecting unit shall deny that conditional rescission and that denial is retroactive and is effective on December 31 of the year immediately preceding the year in which the property subject to the conditional rescission is leased. An owner who fails to file a rescission as required by this subsection is subject to a penalty of $5.00 per day for each separate failure beginning after the 90 days have elapsed, up to a maximum of $200.00. This penalty shall be collected under 1941 PA 122, MCL 205.1 to 205.31, and shall be deposited in the state school aid fund established in section 11 of article IX of the state constitution of 1963. This penalty may be waived by the department of treasury. If a land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution retains an exemption on property under this subsection, that land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution shall pay an amount equal to the additional amount that land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution would have paid under section 1211 of the revised school code, 1976 PA 451, MCL 380.1211, if an exemption had not been retained on that property, together with an administration fee equal to the property tax administration fee imposed under section 44. The payment required under this subsection shall be collected by the local tax collecting unit at the same time and in the same manner as taxes collected under this act. The administration fee shall be retained by the local tax collecting unit. The amount collected that the land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution would have paid under section 1211 of the revised school code, 1976 PA 451, MCL 380.1211, if an exemption had not been retained on that property is an amount that is not captured by any authority as tax increment revenues and shall be distributed to the department of treasury monthly for deposit into the state school aid fund established in section 11 of article IX of the state constitution of 1963. If a land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution transfers ownership of property for which an exemption is retained under this subsection, that land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution shall rescind the exemption as provided in this section and shall notify the treasurer of the local tax collecting unit of that transfer of ownership. If a land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution fails to make the payment required under this subsection for any property within the period for which property taxes are due and payable without penalty, the local tax collecting unit shall deny that conditional rescission and that denial is retroactive and is effective on December 31 of the immediately preceding year. If the local tax collecting unit denies a conditional rescission, the local tax collecting unit shall remove the exemption of the property and the amount due from the land contract vendor, bank, credit union, or other lending institution shall be a tax so that the additional taxes, penalties, and interest shall be collected as provided for in this section. If payment of the tax under this subsection is not made by the March 1 following the levy of the tax, the tax shall be turned over to the county treasurer and collected in the same manner as delinquent taxes under this act. An owner of property who previously occupied that property as his or her principal residence but now resides in a nursing home, assisted living facility, or, if residing there solely for purposes of convalescence, any other location may retain an exemption on that property if the owner manifests an intent to return to that property by satisfying all of the following conditions:
(a) The owner continues to own that property while residing in the nursing home, assisted living facility, or other location.
(b) The owner has not established a new principal residence.
(c) The owner maintains or provides for the maintenance of that property while residing in the nursing home, assisted living facility, or other location.
(d) That property is not leased and is not used for any business or commercial purpose.
(6) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (5), (32), and (33), if the assessor of the local tax collecting unit believes that the property for which an exemption is claimed is not the principal residence of the owner claiming the exemption, the assessor may deny a new or existing claim by notifying the owner and the county treasurer in writing of the reason for the denial and advising the owner that the denial may be appealed to the residential and small claims division of the Michigan tax tribunal within 35 days after the date of the notice. The assessor may deny a claim for exemption for the current year and for the 3 immediately preceding calendar years. If the assessor denies an existing claim for exemption, the assessor shall remove the exemption of the property and, if the tax roll is in the local tax collecting unit's possession, amend the tax roll to reflect the denial and the local treasurer shall within 30 days of the date of the denial issue a corrected tax bill for any additional taxes with interest at the rate of 1.25% per month or fraction of a month and penalties computed from the date the taxes were last payable without interest or penalty. If the tax roll is in the county treasurer's possession, the tax roll shall be amended to reflect the denial and the county treasurer shall within 30 days of the date of the denial prepare and submit a supplemental tax bill for any additional taxes, together with interest at the rate of 1.25% per month or fraction of a month and penalties computed from the date the taxes were last payable without interest or penalty. Interest on any tax set forth in a corrected or supplemental tax bill shall again begin to accrue 60 days after the date the corrected or supplemental tax bill is issued at the rate of 1.25% per month or fraction of a month. Taxes levied in a corrected or supplemental tax bill shall be returned as delinquent on the March 1 in the year immediately succeeding the year in which the corrected or supplemental tax bill is issued. If the assessor denies an existing claim for exemption, the interest due shall be distributed as provided in subsection (25). However, if the property has been transferred to a bona fide purchaser before additional taxes were billed to the seller as a result of the denial of a claim for exemption, the taxes, interest, and penalties shall not be a lien on the property and shall not be billed to the bona fide purchaser, and the local tax collecting unit if the local tax collecting unit has possession of the tax roll or the county treasurer if the county has possession of the tax roll shall notify the department of treasury of the amount of tax due, interest, and penalties through the date of that notification. The department of treasury shall then assess the owner who claimed the exemption under this section for the tax, interest, and penalties accruing as a result of the denial of the claim for exemption, if any, as for unpaid taxes provided under 1941 PA 122, MCL 205.1 to 205.31, and shall deposit any tax or penalty collected into the state school aid fund and shall distribute any interest collected as provided in subsection (25). The denial shall be made on a form prescribed by the department of treasury. The assessor shall forward to the department of treasury a copy of a denial upon a request by the department of treasury.
(7) If the assessor of the local tax collecting unit believes that the property for which the exemption is claimed is not the principal residence of the owner claiming the exemption and has not denied the claim, the assessor shall include a recommendation for denial with any affidavit that is forwarded to the department of treasury or, for an existing claim, shall send a recommendation for denial to the department of treasury, stating the reasons for the recommendation.
(8) The department of treasury shall determine if the property is the principal residence of the owner claiming the exemption. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (21), the department of treasury may review the validity of exemptions for the current calendar year and for the 3 immediately preceding calendar years. Except as otherwise provided in subsections (5), (32), and (33), if the department of treasury determines that the property is not the principal residence of the owner claiming the exemption, the department shall send a notice of that determination to the local tax collecting unit and to the owner of the property claiming the exemption, indicating that the claim for exemption is denied, stating the reason for the denial, and advising the owner claiming the exemption of the right to appeal the determination to the department of treasury and what those rights of appeal are. The department of treasury may issue a notice denying a claim if an owner fails to respond within 30 days of receipt of a request for information from that department. An owner may appeal the denial of a claim of exemption to the department of treasury within 35 days of receipt of the notice of denial. An appeal to the department of treasury shall be conducted according to the provisions for an informal conference in section 21 of 1941 PA 122, MCL 205.21. Within 10 days after acknowledging an appeal of a denial of a claim of exemption, the department of treasury shall notify the assessor and the treasurer for the county in which the property is located that an appeal has been filed. Upon receipt of a notice that the department of treasury has denied a claim for exemption, the assessor shall remove the exemption of the property and, if the tax roll is in the local tax collecting unit's possession, amend the tax roll to reflect the denial and the local treasurer shall within 30 days of the date of the denial issue a corrected tax bill for any additional taxes with interest at the rate of 1.25% per month or fraction of a month and penalties computed from the date the taxes were last payable without interest and penalty. If the tax roll is in the county treasurer's possession, the tax roll shall be amended to reflect the denial and the county treasurer shall within 30 days of the date of the denial prepare and submit a supplemental tax bill for any additional taxes, together with interest at the rate of 1.25% per month or fraction of a month and penalties computed from the date the taxes were last payable without interest or penalty. Interest on any tax set forth in a corrected or supplemental tax bill shall again begin to accrue 60 days after the date the corrected or supplemental tax bill is issued at the rate of 1.25% per month or fraction of a month. The department of treasury may waive interest on any tax set forth in a corrected or supplemental tax bill for the current tax year and the immediately preceding 3 tax years if the assessor of the local tax collecting unit files with the department of treasury a sworn affidavit in a form prescribed by the department of treasury stating that the tax set forth in the corrected or supplemental tax bill is a result of the assessor's classification error or other error or the assessor's failure to rescind the exemption after the owner requested in writing that the exemption be rescinded. Taxes levied in a corrected or supplemental tax bill shall be returned as delinquent on the March 1 in the year immediately succeeding the year in which the corrected or supplemental tax bill is issued. If the department of treasury denies an existing claim for exemption, the interest due shall be distributed as provided in subsection (25). However, if the property has been transferred to a bona fide purchaser before additional taxes were billed to the seller as a result of the denial of a claim for exemption, the taxes, interest, and penalties shall not be a lien on the property and shall not be billed to the bona fide purchaser, and the local tax collecting unit if the local tax collecting unit has possession of the tax roll or the county treasurer if the county has possession of the tax roll shall notify the department of treasury of the amount of tax due and interest through the date of that notification. The department of treasury shall then assess the owner who claimed the exemption under this section for the tax and interest plus penalty accruing as a result of the denial of the claim for exemption, if any, as for unpaid taxes provided under 1941 PA 122, MCL 205.1 to 205.31, and shall deposit any tax or penalty collected into the state school aid fund and shall distribute any interest collected as provided in subsection (25).
(9) The department of treasury may enter into an agreement regarding the implementation or administration of subsection (8) with the assessor of any local tax collecting unit in a county that has not elected to audit exemptions claimed under this section as provided in subsection (10). The agreement may specify that for a period of time, not to exceed 120 days, the department of treasury will not deny an exemption identified by the department of treasury in the list provided under subsection (11).
(10) A county may elect to audit the exemptions claimed under this section in all local tax collecting units located in that county as provided in this subsection. The election to audit exemptions shall be made by the county treasurer, or by the county equalization director with the concurrence by resolution of the county board of commissioners. The initial election to audit exemptions shall require an audit period of 2 years. Before 2009, subsequent elections to audit exemptions shall be made every 2 years and shall require 2 annual audit periods. Beginning in 2009, an election to audit exemptions shall be made every 5 years and shall require 5 annual audit periods. An election to audit exemptions shall be made by submitting an election to audit form to the assessor of each local tax collecting unit in that county and to the department of treasury not later than April 1 preceding the October 1 in the year in which an election to audit is made. The election to audit form required under this subsection shall be in a form prescribed by the department of treasury. If a county elects to audit the exemptions claimed under this section, the department of treasury may continue to review the validity of exemptions as provided in subsection (8). If a county does not elect to audit the exemptions claimed under this section as provided in this subsection, the department of treasury shall conduct an audit of exemptions claimed under this section in the initial 2-year audit period for each local tax collecting unit in that county unless the department of treasury has entered into an agreement with the assessor for that local tax collecting unit under subsection (9).
(11) If a county elects to audit the exemptions claimed under this section as provided in subsection (10) and the county treasurer or his or her designee or the county equalization director or his or her designee believes that the property for which an exemption is claimed is not the principal residence of the owner claiming the exemption, the county treasurer or his or her designee or the county equalization director or his or her designee may, except as otherwise provided in subsections (5), (32), and (33), deny an existing claim by notifying the owner and the assessor of the local tax collecting unit in writing of the reason for the denial and advising the owner that the denial may be appealed to the residential and small claims division of the Michigan tax tribunal within 35 days after the date of the notice. The county treasurer or his or her designee or the county equalization director or his or her designee may deny a claim for exemption for the current year and for the 3 immediately preceding calendar years. If the county treasurer or his or her designee or the county equalization director or his or her designee denies an existing claim for exemption, the county treasurer or his or her designee or the county equalization director or his or her designee shall direct the assessor of the local tax collecting unit in which the property is located to remove the exemption of the property from the assessment roll and, if the tax roll is in the local tax collecting unit's possession, direct the assessor of the local tax collecting unit to amend the tax roll to reflect the denial and the treasurer of the local tax collecting unit shall within 30 days of the date of the denial issue a corrected tax bill for any additional taxes with interest at the rate of 1.25% per month or fraction of a month and penalties computed from the date the taxes were last payable without interest and penalty. If the tax roll is in the county treasurer's possession, the tax roll shall be amended to reflect the denial and the county treasurer shall within 30 days of the date of the denial prepare and submit a supplemental tax bill for any additional taxes, together with interest at the rate of 1.25% per month or fraction of a month and penalties computed from the date the taxes were last payable without interest or penalty. Interest on any tax set forth in a corrected or supplemental tax bill shall again begin to accrue 60 days after the date the corrected or supplemental tax bill is issued at the rate of 1.25% per month or fraction of a month. Taxes levied in a corrected or supplemental tax bill shall be returned as delinquent on the March 1 in the year immediately succeeding the year in which the corrected or supplemental tax bill is issued. If the county treasurer or his or her designee or the county equalization director or his or her designee denies an existing claim for exemption, the interest due shall be distributed as provided in subsection (25). However, if the property has been transferred to a bona fide purchaser before additional taxes were billed to the seller as a result of the denial of a claim for exemption, the taxes, interest, and penalties shall not be a lien on the property and shall not be billed to the bona fide purchaser, and the local tax collecting unit if the local tax collecting unit has possession of the tax roll or the county treasurer if the county has possession of the tax roll shall notify the department of treasury of the amount of tax due and interest through the date of that notification. The department of treasury shall then assess the owner who claimed the exemption under this section for the tax and interest plus penalty accruing as a result of the denial of the claim for exemption, if any, as for unpaid taxes provided under 1941 PA 122, MCL 205.1 to 205.31, and shall deposit any tax or penalty collected into the state school aid fund and shall distribute any interest collected as provided in subsection (25). The denial shall be made on a form prescribed by the department of treasury. The county treasurer or his or her designee or the county equalization director or his or her designee shall forward to the department of treasury a copy of a denial upon a request by the department of treasury. The department of treasury shall annually provide the county treasurer or his or her designee or the county equalization director or his or her designee a list of parcels of property located in that county for which an exemption may be erroneously claimed. The county treasurer or his or her designee or the county equalization director or his or her designee shall forward copies of the list provided by the department of treasury to each assessor in each local tax collecting unit in that county within 10 days of receiving the list.
(12) If a county elects to audit exemptions claimed under this section as provided in subsection (10), the county treasurer or the county equalization director may enter into an agreement with the assessor of a local tax collecting unit in that county regarding the implementation or administration of this section. The agreement may specify that for a period of time, not to exceed 120 days, the county will not deny an exemption identified by the department of treasury in the list provided under subsection (11).
(13) An owner may appeal a denial by the assessor of the local tax collecting unit under subsection (6), a final decision of the department of treasury under subsection (8), or a denial by the county treasurer or his or her designee or the county equalization director or his or her designee under subsection (11) to the residential and small claims division of the Michigan tax tribunal within 35 days of that decision. An owner is not required to pay the amount of tax in dispute in order to appeal a denial of a claim of exemption to the department of treasury or to receive a final determination of the residential and small claims division of the Michigan tax tribunal. However, interest at the rate of 1.25% per month or fraction of a month and penalties shall accrue and be computed from the date the taxes were last payable without interest and penalty. If the residential and small claims division of the Michigan tax tribunal grants an owner's appeal of a denial and that owner has paid the interest due as a result of a denial under subsection (6), (8), or (11), the interest received after a distribution was made under subsection (25) shall be refunded.
(14) For taxes levied after December 31, 2005, for each county in which the county treasurer or the county equalization director does not elect to audit the exemptions claimed under this section as provided in subsection (10), the department of treasury shall conduct an annual audit of exemptions claimed under this section for the current calendar year.
(15) When an exemption is rescinded as provided in subsection (5), the assessor of the local tax collecting unit shall remove the exemption effective December 31 of the year in which the affidavit was filed that rescinded the exemption. For any year for which the rescinded exemption has not been removed from the tax roll, the exemption shall be denied as provided in this section. However, interest and penalty shall not be imposed for a year for which a rescission form has been timely filed under subsection (5).
(16) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (30), if the principal residence is part of a unit in a multiple-unit dwelling or a dwelling unit in a multiple-purpose structure, an owner shall claim an exemption for only that portion of the total taxable value of the property used as the principal residence of that owner in a manner prescribed by the department of treasury. If a portion of a parcel for which the owner claims an exemption is used for a purpose other than as a principal residence, the owner shall claim an exemption for only that portion of the taxable value of the property used as the principal residence of that owner in a manner prescribed by the department of treasury.
(17) When a county register of deeds records a transfer of ownership of a property, he or she shall notify the local tax collecting unit in which the property is located of the transfer.
(18) The department of treasury shall make available the affidavit forms and the forms to rescind an exemption, which may be on the same form, to all city and township assessors, county equalization officers, county registers of deeds, and closing agents. A person who prepares a closing statement for the sale of property shall provide affidavit and rescission forms to the buyer and seller at the closing and, if requested by the buyer or seller after execution by the buyer or seller, shall file the forms with the local tax collecting unit in which the property is located. If a closing statement preparer fails to provide exemption affidavit and rescission forms to the buyer and seller, or fails to file the affidavit and rescission forms with the local tax collecting unit if requested by the buyer or seller, the buyer may appeal to the department of treasury within 30 days of notice to the buyer that an exemption was not recorded. If the department of treasury determines that the buyer qualifies for the exemption, the department of treasury shall notify the assessor of the local tax collecting unit that the exemption is granted and the assessor of the local tax collecting unit or, if the tax roll is in the possession of the county treasurer, the county treasurer shall correct the tax roll to reflect the exemption. This subsection does not create a cause of action at law or in equity against a closing statement preparer who fails to provide exemption affidavit and rescission forms to a buyer and seller or who fails to file the affidavit and rescission forms with the local tax collecting unit when requested to do so by the buyer or seller.
(19) An owner who owned and occupied a principal residence within the time period prescribed in subsection (2) for which the exemption was not on the tax roll, or an owner of property who previously occupied that property as his or her principal residence but did not occupy that property within the time period prescribed in subsection (2) while residing in a nursing home, assisted living facility, or other location under the circumstances described in subsection (5)(a) to (d), while absent on active duty as a member of any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, including the Coast Guard, a reserve component of any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, or the National Guard, under the circumstances described in subsection (32)(a) to (d), or while absent due to the damage or destruction of the principal residence under the circumstances described in subsection (33)(a) to (d), for which the exemption was not on the tax roll, may file an affidavit with the local tax collecting unit claiming an exemption under this section for the current calendar year or the immediately preceding 3 calendar years. The affidavit for the exemption for the current calendar year or the immediately preceding 3 calendar years shall be on the form prescribed by the department of treasury in subsection (2). The affidavit shall be processed by the assessor in accordance with subsection (4). Upon request by the local tax collecting unit, the owner shall furnish proof within 30 days that the owner meets the requirements for the exemption for the current calendar year or the immediately preceding 3 calendar years. For the 2020 tax year only, an affidavit filed on or before June 30, 2020 shall be processed by the assessor in accordance with subsection (4), and if granting the exemption results in an overpayment, a rebate shall be made to the taxpayer in the manner prescribed in subsection (23).
(20) An owner who owned and occupied a principal residence within the time period prescribed in subsection (2) in any year before the 3 immediately preceding tax years for which the exemption was not on the tax roll as a result of a qualified error on the part of the local tax collecting unit may file a request for the exemption for those tax years with the department of treasury. The request for the exemption shall be in a form prescribed by the department of treasury and shall include all documentation the department of treasury considers necessary to consider the request and to correct any affected official records if a qualified error on the part of the local tax collecting unit is recognized and an exemption is granted. If the department of treasury denies a request for the exemption under this subsection, the owner is responsible for all costs related to the request as determined by the department of treasury. If the department of treasury grants a request for the exemption under this subsection and the exemption results in an overpayment of the tax in the years under consideration, the department of treasury shall notify the treasurer of the local tax collecting unit, the county treasurer, and other affected officials of the error and the granting of the request for the exemption and all affected official records shall be corrected consistent with guidance provided by the department of treasury. If granting the request for the exemption results in an overpayment, a rebate, including any interest paid by the owner, shall be paid to the owner within 30 days of the receipt of the notice. A rebate shall be without interest. The treasurer in possession of the appropriate tax roll may deduct the rebate from the appropriate tax collecting unit's subsequent distribution of taxes. The treasurer in possession of the appropriate tax roll shall bill to the appropriate tax collecting unit the tax collecting unit's share of taxes rebated. A local tax collecting unit responsible for a qualified error under this subsection shall reimburse each county treasurer and other affected local official required to correct official records under this subsection for the costs incurred in complying with this subsection.
(21) If an owner of property received a principal residence exemption to which that owner was not entitled in any year before the 3 immediately preceding tax years, as a result of a qualified error on the part of the local tax collecting unit, the department of treasury may deny the principal residence exemption as provided in subsection (8). If the department of treasury denies an exemption under this subsection, the owner shall be issued a corrected or supplemental tax bill as provided in subsection (8), except interest shall not accrue until 60 days after the date the corrected or supplemental tax bill is issued. A local tax collecting unit responsible for a qualified error under this subsection shall reimburse each county treasurer and other affected local official required to correct official records under this subsection for the costs incurred in complying with this subsection.
(22) If the assessor or treasurer of the local tax collecting unit believes that the department of treasury erroneously denied a claim for exemption, the assessor or treasurer may submit written information supporting the owner's claim for exemption to the department of treasury within 35 days of the owner's receipt of the notice denying the claim for exemption. If, after reviewing the information provided, the department of treasury determines that the claim for exemption was erroneously denied, the department of treasury shall grant the exemption and the tax roll shall be amended to reflect the exemption.
(23) If granting the exemption under this section results in an overpayment of the tax, a rebate, including any interest paid, shall be made to the taxpayer by the local tax collecting unit if the local tax collecting unit has possession of the tax roll or by the county treasurer if the county has possession of the tax roll within 30 days of the date the exemption is granted. The rebate shall be without interest. If an exemption for property classified as timber-cutover real property is granted under this section for the 2008 or 2009 tax year, the tax roll shall be corrected and any delinquent and unpaid penalty, interest, and tax resulting from that property not having been exempt under this section for the 2008 or 2009 tax year shall be waived.
(24) If an exemption under this section is erroneously granted for an affidavit filed before October 1, 2003, an owner may request in writing that the department of treasury withdraw the exemption. The request to withdraw the exemption shall be received not later than November 1, 2003. If an owner requests that an exemption be withdrawn, the department of treasury shall issue an order notifying the local assessor that the exemption issued under this section has been denied based on the owner's request. If an exemption is withdrawn, the property that had been subject to that exemption shall be immediately placed on the tax roll by the local tax collecting unit if the local tax collecting unit has possession of the tax roll or by the county treasurer if the county has possession of the tax roll as though the exemption had not been granted. A corrected tax bill shall be issued for the tax year being adjusted by the local tax collecting unit if the local tax collecting unit has possession of the tax roll or by the county treasurer if the county has possession of the tax roll. Unless a denial has been issued before July 1, 2003, if an owner requests that an exemption under this section be withdrawn and that owner pays the corrected tax bill issued under this subsection within 30 days after the corrected tax bill is issued, that owner is not liable for any penalty or interest on the additional tax. An owner who pays a corrected tax bill issued under this subsection more than 30 days after the corrected tax bill is issued is liable for the penalties and interest that would have accrued if the exemption had not been granted from the date the taxes were originally levied.
(25) Subject to subsection (26), interest at the rate of 1.25% per month or fraction of a month collected under subsection (6), (8), or (11) shall be distributed as follows:
(a) If the assessor of the local tax collecting unit denies the exemption under this section, as follows:
(i) To the local tax collecting unit, 70%.
(ii) To the department of treasury, 10%.
(iii) To the county in which the property is located, 20%.
(b) If the department of treasury denies the exemption under this section, as follows:
(i) To the local tax collecting unit, 20%.
(ii) To the department of treasury, 70%.
(iii) To the county in which the property is located, 10%.
(c) If the county treasurer or his or her designee or the county equalization director or his or her designee denies the exemption under this section, as follows:
(i) To the local tax collecting unit, 20%.
(ii) To the department of treasury, 10%.
(iii) To the county in which the property is located, 70%.
(26) Interest distributed under subsection (25) is subject to the following conditions:
(a) Interest distributed to a county shall be deposited into a restricted fund to be used solely for the administration of exemptions under this section. Money in that restricted fund shall lapse to the county general fund on the December 31 in the year 3 years after the first distribution of interest to the county under subsection (25) and on each succeeding December 31 thereafter.
(b) Interest distributed to the department of treasury shall be deposited into the principal residence property tax exemption audit fund, which is created within the state treasury. The state treasurer may receive money or other assets from any source for deposit into the fund. The state treasurer shall direct the investment of the fund. The state treasurer shall credit to the fund interest and earnings from fund investments. Money in the fund shall be considered a work project account and at the close of the fiscal year shall remain in the fund and shall not lapse to the general fund. Money from the fund shall be expended, upon appropriation, only for the purpose of auditing exemption affidavits.
(27) Interest distributed under subsection (25) is in addition to and shall not affect the levy or collection of the county property tax administration fee established under this act.
(28) A cooperative housing corporation is entitled to a full or partial exemption under this section for the tax year in which the cooperative housing corporation files all of the following with the local tax collecting unit in which the cooperative housing corporation is located if filed within the time period prescribed in subsection (2):
(a) An affidavit form.
(b) A statement of the total number of units owned by the cooperative housing corporation and occupied as the principal residence of a tenant stockholder as of the date of the filing under this subsection.
(c) A list that includes the name, address, and Social Security number of each tenant stockholder of the cooperative housing corporation occupying a unit in the cooperative housing corporation as his or her principal residence as of the date of the filing under this subsection.
(d) A statement of the total number of units of the cooperative housing corporation on which an exemption under this section was claimed and that were transferred in the tax year immediately preceding the tax year in which the filing under this section was made.
(29) Before May 1, 2004 and before May 1, 2005, the treasurer of each county shall forward to the department of education a statement of the taxable value of each school district and fraction of a school district within the county for the preceding 4 calendar years. This requirement is in addition to the requirement set forth in section 151 of the state school aid act of 1979, 1979 PA 94, MCL 388.1751.
(30) For a parcel of property open and available for use as a bed and breakfast, the portion of the taxable value of the property used as a principal residence under subsection (16) shall be calculated in the following manner:
(a) Add all of the following:
(i) The square footage of the property used exclusively as that owner's principal residence.
(ii) 50% of the square footage of the property's common area.
(iii) If the property was not open and available for use as a bed and breakfast for 90 or more consecutive days in the immediately preceding 12-month period, the result of the following calculation:
(A) Add the square footage of the property that is open and available regularly and exclusively as a bed and breakfast, and 50% of the square footage of the property's common area.
(B) Multiply the result of the calculation in sub-subparagraph (A) by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of consecutive days in the immediately preceding 12-month period that the property was not open and available for use as a bed and breakfast and the denominator of which is 365.
(b) Divide the result of the calculation in subdivision (a) by the total square footage of the property.
(31) The owner claiming an exemption under this section for property open and available as a bed and breakfast shall file an affidavit claiming the exemption within the time period prescribed in subsection (2) with the local tax collecting unit in which the property is located. The affidavit shall be in a form prescribed by the department of treasury.
(32) An owner of property who previously occupied that property as his or her principal residence but now is absent while on active duty as a member of any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, including the Coast Guard, a reserve component of any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, or the National Guard, may retain an exemption on that property if the owner manifests an intent to return to that property by satisfying all of the following conditions:
(a) The owner continues to own that property while absent on active duty as a member of any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, including the Coast Guard, a reserve component of any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, or the National Guard.
(b) The owner has not established a new principal residence.
(c) The owner maintains or provides for the maintenance of that property while absent on active duty as a member of any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, including the Coast Guard, a reserve component of any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, or the National Guard.
(d) That property is not used for any business or commercial purpose except as provided in section 7dd(c).
(33) If an owner of property who previously claimed and occupied the property as his or her principal residence has vacated because the principal residence was damaged or destroyed by an accident, act of God, or act of another person without the owner's consent, including, but not limited to, a fire caused by accident, act of God, or act of another person without the owner's consent, that owner may retain an exemption on that property for not longer than the tax year during which the damage or destruction occurred and the immediately succeeding 2 tax years if the owner manifests an intent to return to that property by satisfying all of the following conditions:
(a) The owner continues to own that property while absent because of the damage or destruction of the principal residence.
(b) The owner has not established a new principal residence.
(c) The owner provides for the reconstruction of the principal residence for purposes of occupying it upon its completion as his or her principal residence.
(d) The property is not occupied, is not leased, and is not used for any business or commercial purpose.
(34) As used in this section:
(a) "Bed and breakfast" means property classified as residential real property under section 34c that meets all of the following criteria:
(i) Has 10 or fewer sleeping rooms, including sleeping rooms occupied by the owner of the property, 1 or more of which are available for rent to transient tenants.
(ii) Serves meals at no extra cost to its transient tenants.
(iii) Has a smoke detector in proper working order in each sleeping room and a fire extinguisher in proper working order on each floor.
(b) "Business or commercial purpose" means commercial purpose as that term is defined in section 27a.
(c) "Common area" includes, but is not limited to, a kitchen, dining room, living room, fitness room, porch, hallway, laundry room, or bathroom that is available for use by guests of a bed and breakfast or, unless guests are specifically prohibited from access to the area, an area that is used to provide a service to guests of a bed and breakfast.
(d) "Qualified error" means that term as defined in section 53b.